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　　> Chinese tea making joins UNESCO list

　　“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”申遗成功

　　Li Xingchang (left), an inheritor of the making technique of famous Chinese Pu'er tea, teaches his apprentice how to pick tea leaves at an ecological tea garden in Ning'er Hani and Yi autonomous county of Pu'er city, Southwest China's Yunnan province, April 10, 2020. [Photo/Xinhua]

　　The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for millennia has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind.

　　数千年来，茶叶一直深受世界各地人民喜爱，如今，茶叶作为一种人类文化的瑰宝终于获得国际认可。

　　Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Tuesday.

　　11月29日，中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

　　The status was conferred by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, hosted in Rabat, Morocco. It consists of knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, the picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea.

　　“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”是有关茶园管理、茶叶采摘、茶的手工制作，以及茶的饮用和分享的知识、技艺和实践。在摩洛哥拉巴特召开的联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会将其列入人类“非遗”名录。

　　According to UNESCO, in China traditional tea processing techniques are closely associated with geographical location and natural environment, resulting in a distribution range between 18°-37° N and 94°-122° E.

　　据联合国教科文组织称，中国传统的茶叶加工技术与地理位置和自然环境密切相关，中国茶区分布在北纬18°-37°，东经94°-122°的范围内。

　　The techniques are mainly found in the provinces and autonomous regions of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi.

　　中国传统制茶技艺主要集中于浙江、江苏、江西、湖南、安徽、湖北、河南、陕西、云南、贵州、四川、福建、广东和广西等省份和自治区。

　　Associated social practices, however, are spread throughout the country and shared by multiple ethnic groups.

　　而相关习俗在全国各地广泛流布，为多民族所共享。

　　Over 2,000 tea varieties, mainly in six categories -- green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark -- are grown in China. Core skills include shaqing (enzyme inactivation), menhuang (yellowing), wodui (pealing), weidiao (withering), zuoqing (leaves shaking and cooling), fajiao (oxidation or fermentation) and yinzhi (scenting).

　　中国运用杀青、闷黄、渥堆、萎凋、做青、发酵、窨制等核心技艺，发展出绿茶、黑茶、黄茶、乌龙茶、白茶、红茶六大茶类，2000多种茶品。

　　Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influenced the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.

　　茶文化相关习俗不仅遍布全国，而且通过古代丝绸之路等商道影响了世界其他地区。

　　As a document from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to UNESCO explained, tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people's daily life.

　　文旅部向联合国教科文组织提交的一份文件称，茶在中国人的日常生活中无处不在。

　　Steeped or boiled tea is served in homes, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants, temples and used as an important medium for communication in socializing and ceremonies such as weddings, apprentice-taking and sacrifices.

　　人们采用泡、煮等方式，在家庭、工作场所、茶馆、餐厅和寺院等场所饮用茶。茶是社交领域以及婚礼、拜师、祭祀等仪式的重要组成部分。

　　"Practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships within families and among neighborhoods through tea-related activities are shared among multiple ethnic groups, and provide a sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and individuals concerned," the document said.

　　该文件称：“通过与茶相关的活动，招待客人并在家庭内部和邻里之间建立关系的做法，在许多民族中常见，为人们提供一种共同的认同感和连续性。”

　　In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea.

　　“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”相关44个项目已先后列入国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。

　　There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities in China that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry.

　　根据教育部数据，中国有40多所中职和80多所高等院校开设茶学和茶文化专业，每年培养制茶、茶艺等专门人才3000多人。

　　The inscription of the element is the 43rd entry from China on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, whose total tops all other countries.

　　我国共有43个项目列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，居世界第一。

　　> Half of free-range poultry have been culled because of bird flu in the UK

　　英国禽流感致散养禽类被大量扑杀

　　[Screenshot/China Daily]

　　In the United Kingdom, half of free-range turkeys and geese produced for Christmas have been culled or have died because of the bird flu, according to the British Poultry Council.

　　根据英国家禽协会的数据，英国为圣诞节饲养的散养火鸡和鹅因为禽流感已近半被扑杀或死亡。

　　Around 600,000 of the 1.2 million to 1.3 million free-range turkeys and geese grown for Christmas have been lost. While there could be a shortage of free-range Christmas poultry, there are no issues with supplies of other birds.

　　为圣诞饲养的120万至130万只散养火鸡和鹅已损失约60万只。虽然圣诞散养禽肉可能短缺，但其他禽类的供应尚无影响。

　　Of the approximately 11 million turkeys produced annually in the UK, 1.6 million have died from bird flu or had to be culled.

　　英国每年生产大约1100万只火鸡，其中有166万只死于禽流感或不得不被扑杀。

　　For more than a year, Britain has been affected by bird flu, with nearly 140 cases reported since the beginning of October.

　　一年多以来，英国持续受到禽流感影响，10月以来报告了近140例。

　　Britain is also currently facing egg shortages and rationing that is expected to last beyond Christmas.

　　英国目前仍然面临鸡蛋供给短缺和限购，预计这种情况将持续到圣诞节之后。

　　According to the British Free Range Egg Producers' Association, 750,000 laying hens have faced, bird flu-related culling since the beginning of October, compared to 1.8 million last year.

　　根据英国散养蛋生产者协会的数据，自10月以来，已有75万只蛋鸡面临禽流感相关的扑杀，而去年这一数字为180万只。

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　　来源：chinadaily.com.cn